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Understanding HLA Typing: A Key to Personalized Medicine and Transplant Success
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) typing plays a crucial role in modern medicine, particularly in organ and stem cell transplantation, autoimmune disease studies, and personalized therapies. It refers to the process of identifying variations in genes located on chromosome 6 that code for proteins responsible for regulating the immune system. These proteins, found on the surface of white blood cells, help the body distinguish its own cells from foreign invaders. Since every individual has a unique HLA profile, precise typing ensures compatibility between donors and recipients, reducing the risk of rejection and complications during transplants.
The importance of HLA typing extends far beyond transplant compatibility. It is also a cornerstone of understanding immune response diversity. When a mismatch occurs between donor and recipient HLA markers, the body may recognize transplanted tissue as foreign, triggering an immune attack known as graft-versus-host…